Kalinovka (1894) - Moscow (1971).
President of the Soviet Union (1958) - (1964). He was born near Ukraine
in a family of poor peasants. In 1909 he started being employed at
the mining industry. In 1918 he added to the Bolshevik Party and little
later he practised, during the civil war, as commissioner of the Red
Army. In the twenties he was employed at the organization of the Party
at Ukraine and in 1931 he moved to Moscow, where he turned into secretary
of the organization of the Party, and the following year acceded to
the Politburo.
During the Second World War he
took part in Stalingrad's battle and in the liberation of Kiev. In
1949, again in Moscow, he took charge of the agricultural planning
in the whole USSR. Between1953 and 1956 he managed to displease several
rivals in Stalin's succession. From 1956 (the year of his secret report
to the XX Congress of the Party) practised as maximum Soviet leader.
The name of prompt Khrushchev was associated with the end of the Stalinism
and with the putting in March of reforms. In foreign affairs he tried
to support a pacific line.
The bigger tensions arose with
The United States when he met Eisenhower in 1959 and one year later
Kennedy in Vienna. In 1962 he tried to infiltrate missiles into Cuba
but it was discovered, for what he returned to be in a delicate situation.
Destroyed in 1964 for his rivals, he removed from political activity,
and he died seven years later. In the party Secretarial was replaced
by Breznev and the presidency of Ministers' Council by Kosygin.
During the battle of Stalingrad
he was leading with Yeremenko of the Stalingrad's Front.