On September 1, 1939 Hitler, after the denials of Poland to the return
of Danzig's city, begins the invasion of the Polish State. This final
act in the Hitler's expansionist politics, lead to the disappearance
of Poland and the beginning of the Second World War.
On
September 3, France and Great Britain were declaring the war to Germany
as response to the invasion of Poland. Nevertheless, Poland would be
defeated in less than one month and without British or Frenchmen intervene
directly. Hitler avoided intervention of the USSR in the war, agreed
on the division of Poland with this in the agreement named Molotov-Ribentrop.
To the conquest of Poland there happened the winter period of tense
calmness with scarcely hostilities.
On April 9, 1940, Germany tackles
the invasion of Denmark and Norway the rear to insure the not intervention
of these countries next to France and Great Britain. On May 10, the
German army invades and winds the Netherlands and Belgium, defeating
the armies English and French. On June 22, France signs the armistice
with Germany. Before, on May 26, the English begin to evacuate his troops
towards the islands from the beaches of Dunkirk, operation that lasted
until June 4 and in that there would be evacuated 234.000 British and
111.000 Frenchmen.
In September 1940, Italy, which
had entered war little before the French armistice, attacks Egypt from
Libya; nevertheless, the English men managed to push them back for the
end of year and to tackle the counter-offensive. Hitler gave the orders
to an expeditionary body, " Africa Corps " supervised by the
general Rommel who would manage to stop the English men and to take
the offensive up to the doors of Alexandria, where he would be stopped
in l'Alamein's battle by his antagonist, the English Montgomery.
In the spring of 1941, Hitler already
was ready to initiate the assault to his " natural enemy "
Russia. Nevertheless, the unsuccessful assault of Italy to Greece, forced
to Germany to intervene the rear to insure itself. On April 6, 1941
and with help of Hungarians and Rumanians, the offensive is thrown against
Yugoslavia and Greece; the first one was coming to terms on April 17
and the second one 23 of the same month. On May 20 Crete would be conquered.
On June 22, 1941, the Wehrmacht
initiates the offensive in a front of 3.200 km that goes from the Baltic
Sea up to the Black Sea, "Operation Barbarroja ". 220 divisions,
3.200 planes and 10.000 cars of combat, in whole 3 million men distributed
in three armies threw against the Soviet territory.
The
offensive was fulminant, so much that in September were on the doors
of Leningrad and were taking Kiev; in December they were to 30 km of
Moscow. But, the hard winter and the exhausting stopped the German offensive.
The Russian army ordered by Zhukov, threw a counter-offensive that removed
the Germans to 100 km of Moscow. The following Russian offensive was
diluted to the being thrown in all the fronts simultaneously, which
allowed the Germans to reorganize and to repel the assault.
In the spring of 1942, the German
offensive is resumed. This time the aim is clear, once insured Ukraine;
it was necessary to conquer the petroliferous fields of the Caucasus.
The offensive was OK; the Russian armies were continuing being wound
like in the previous year. Stalin was despairing being afraid of a general
break in the front that was not possible to remedy. On August 23, the
Wehrmacht